171–145 BC) and another was found depicting Dionysus. The oldest coin found in the city is a Greco-Bactrian coin depicting Eucratides (r. A small Greco-Bactrian settlement of about 40 hectares (99 acres) was dated to the end of the third century BC. The Seleucids conquered the region in 312 BC. Archaeological remnants of a small citadel dating to the fifth century BC have been discovered 40 kilometres (25 mi) south and wedge-shaped copper axes have been discovered from the second century BC. Achaemenid dishes and ceramics were found 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Dushanbe in Qiblai, as the city was controlled by the Achaemenids from the sixth century BC. Near Dushanbe International Airport, Bronze Age burials were discovered dating from the end of the second to the beginning of the first millennium BC. The Gissar culture, whose stone tools were discovered within modern-day Dushanbe at the confluence of the Varzob and Luchob, Bishkent culture, and Vakhsh culture all were thought to have inhabited the valley in the second millennium BC, during the Neolithic period, and were primarily involved in cattle breeding, agriculture, and weaving. In the Stone Age, Mousterian tool-users inhabited the Gissar Valley near modern-day Dushanbe. See also: Timeline of Dushanbe history Ancient times Its previous name was Stalinabad (the city of Stalin), but renamed as a result of de-Stalinization. This gave rise to the name Dushanbe-Bazar ( Tajik: Душанбе Бозор, Dushanbe Bozor) from Dushanbe, which means Monday in the Persian language – literally, the second day (du) following Saturday (shanbe). Parks and main sights of the city include Victory Park, Rudaki Park, the Tajikistan National Museum, the Dushanbe Flagpole, and the Tajikistan National Museum of Antiquities.Įtymology Bazaar in Dushanbe, 2007ĭushanbe was the location of a large bazaar that operated on Mondays. The city makes up 20% of Tajikistan's GDP and has large industrial, financial, retail, and tourism sectors. Tajikistan's healthcare system is concentrated in Dushanbe, meaning that the major hospitals of the country are in the city. Dushanbe's electricity is primarily hydroelectric, produced by the Nurek Dam, and the aging water system dates from 1932. Other forms of transport include the trolleybus system dating from 1955, the small rail system, and the roads that traverse the city. Dushanbe International Airport is the primary airport serving the city. Much of Dushanbe's education system dates from Soviet times and has a legacy of state control today the largest university in Dushanbe, the Tajik National University, is funded by the government. After the war, the city became capital of an independent Tajikistan and continued its growth and development into a modern city, today home to many international conferences. Dushanbe was captured by the Bolsheviks in 1922, and the town was made the capital of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, which commenced Dushanbe's development and rapid population growth that continued until the Tajik Civil War. From the 17th to early 20th century, Dushanbe grew into a market village controlled at times by the Beg of Hisor, Balkh, and finally Bukhara, before being conquered by the Russian Empire. In the Middle Ages, more settlements began near modern-day Dushanbe such as Hulbuk and its famous palace.

In ancient times, what is now or is close to modern Dushanbe was settled by various empires and peoples, including Mousterian tool-users, various neolithic cultures, the Achaemenid Empire, Greco-Bactria, the Kushan Empire, Hephthalites. The city is divided into four districts, all named after Persian historical figures: Ismail Samani, Avicenna, Ferdowsi, and Shah Mansur. Dushanbe is located in the Gissar Valley, bounded by the Gissar Range in the north and east and the Babatag, Aktau, Rangontau and Karatau mountains in the south, and has an elevation of 750–930 m. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe, and from 1929 to 1961 as Stalinabad, after Joseph Stalin.

As of January 2022, Dushanbe had a population of 1,201,800 and that population was largely Tajik. Dushanbe is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan.

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